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The shark species "Spiny dogfish"

Photo
Spiny dogfish
Spiny dogfish
Photo © Marinethemes.com

Photo © Marinethemes.com

Range Map
North America South America Africa Australia Europe Asia
North America South America Africa Australia Europe Asia
Spiny dogfish

Rough area of distribution

Taxonomy
Kingdom:
Animals (Animalia)
Phylum:
Vertebrates (Chordata)
Class:
Cartilagenous fishes (Chondrichthyes)
Order:
Dogfish sharks (Squaliformes)
Family:
Dogfish sharks (Squalidae)
Genus:
Squalus
Names
Scientific:
Squalus acanthias
English:
Spiny dogfish , Piked dogfish
German:
Dornhai
French:
Aiguillat commun
Spanish:
Mielga
Appearance
Small shark with two dorsal fins with ungrooved large spines. No anal fin. First dorsal spine origin is behind the pectoral rear tips. Lateral keels on caudal peduncle and upper precaudal pit. No subterminal notch on the caudal fin. No anal fin.
Coloration
Grey-brown upper body with whitish ventral surface. White spots along entire body.
Distribution
Western Atlantic: Greenland, Labrador to Florida, Argentina. Eastern Atlantic: Iceland, Scandinavia, Great Britain to Morocco and western Sahara. Canary Islands. Mediterranean and Black Sea. Around South Africa, Western Pacific: Bering Sea to Japan, Sea of Okhots, Korea and northern China, southern Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand. Eastern Pacific: Bering Sea to southern Baja California, Chile.
Biology
A well studied species. This is probably the most abundant shark species of all. Lives preferably close to bottom. Slow swimming. Found over the continental and insular shelves and upper slopes down to approximately 900 m. This species can tolerate brackish water and is often found in enclosed bays and estuaries.
Diet
Feeds mainly on fishes, preferably schooling fishes, invertebrates, cephalopods, crustaceans, and even sea cucumbers and jellyfishes.
Size
Relatively small, average size between 80 cm and 110 cm, total maximum length about 160 cm.
Reproduction
Aplacental viviparous (ovoviviparous). Up to 20 pups per litter. Size at birth about 20 cm. Gestation period lasts about 22 months. Sexual maturity is reached at an age of about 20 years (sometimes even later) or a size of about 60 cm. Maximum age is estimated to be around 70 years.
Similar Species
Some similar species but none with white spots.
Vulnerability
Category: Vulnerable (VU)
Criteria: A2bd
Last evaluated: 2020
Trend: Decreasing




© IUCN Red List 2024. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Version 2024-2.

Danger to Humans
Harmless.

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