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The shark species "Smooth hammerhead"

Photo
Smooth hammerhead
Smooth hammerhead
Photo © Marinethemes.com

Photo © Marinethemes.com

Range Map
North America South America Africa Australia Europe Asia Coming soon Coming soon
North America South America Africa Australia Europe Asia Coming soon Coming soon
Smooth hammerhead

Rough area of distribution

Taxonomy
Kingdom:
Animals (Animalia)
Phylum:
Vertebrates (Chordata)
Class:
Cartilagenous fishes (Chondrichthyes)
Order:
Ground sharks (Carcharhiniformes)
Family:
Hammerhead sharks (Sphyrnidae)
Genus:
Sphyrna
Names
Scientific:
Sphyrna zygaena
English:
Smooth hammerhead , Black hammerhead , Balance fish
German:
Glatter Hammerhai
French:
Requin-marteau commun
Spanish:
Cornuda cruz
Appearance
Large hammerhead. Broad and narrow-bladed head with a broadly arched anterior margin and no median indentation. First dorsal fin is moderately falcate with a free rear tip that is in front of the pelvic fins" origins. Origin of the first dorsal fin is over the pectoral fins insertions. Second dorsal fin is low and shorter than the anal fin. Pelvic fins are not falcate. Precaudal pit present.
Coloration
Dark olive to grey-brown with white ventral surface. Undersides of pectoral fin tips are dusky colored.
Distribution
Wide-ranging. Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia to Florida. Southern Brazil to Argentina. Eastern Atlantic: British Isles to Senegal. Mediterranean. Western Indian Ocean: South Africa, India, Sri Lanka, Western Pacific: Vietnam to Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Central Pacific: Hawaiian Islands. Eastern Pacific: northern California, Gulf of California, Panama, Galapagos, Equador, Chile.
Biology
The only hammerhead shark that occurs in temperate waters. Lives close to shore over the continental and insular shelves as well as offshore, down to depths of 20 m. Very active. A common species that sometimes forms migrating schools.
Diet
Feeds on a variety of fishes, small sharks, rays, crustaceans and cephalopods.
Size
Average size between 250 cm and 350 cm, maximum total length about 400 cm.
Reproduction
Viviparous, with yolksac-placenta. 29 to 37 pups per litter. Size at birth about 55 cm.
Similar Species
Other hammerheads have a similar appearance and taxonomic features have to be used to clearly distinguish.
Vulnerability
Category: Vulnerable (VU)
Criteria: A2bd
Last evaluated: 2019
Trend: Decreasing




© IUCN Red List 2024. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Version 2024-2.

Danger to Humans
Potentially dangerous.

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